NEWSLETTER-2017

305 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW • Existence of public interest, • Exportation of medical products due to health issues in fore- ign countries, • Impossibility of breeder to develop a new plant variety wit- hout violating an initial patent right; or • Activities preventing, abusing, or limiting competition of the owner’s patent protection. Since, through the amendment system granting patent rights with- out examination is repealed, the patent-granting procedure, including examination, will be examined below under the “National Applica- tion” section. Patent types are differentiated between each other, and are identi- fied according to subject of the relative invention, as the process and product patents. Process Patent Technical information constituting a product or a result, or caus- ing these to be constituted, is the subject of utility patents 4 . Within this concept, protection granted to utility patents is essentially similar to the protection of product patents, and these two types differ as to their subjects. Product Patents Inventions, in other words, solutions that are subject to product patents formulate as products: such as a machine, a medicine or a chemical 5 . Patent Application Similar to the FormerDL, the IPL also includes regulations con- cerning patents to be obtained pursuant to international treaties. 4 Saraç, Tahir. “Patentten Doğan Hakka Tecavüz ve Hakkın Korunması”, 2003, p. 73. 5 Tekinalp, Ünal. Fikri Mülkiyet Hukuku, 2012, p. 596.